Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Components

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow while providing comfort and protection. The effectiveness of these products largely depends on their raw material composition and the properties of each component.

## Core Materials in Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton or cotton blends

Key properties: Softness, breathability, quick-dry capability, and hypoallergenic qualities.

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the central layer responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Wood pulp (fluff pulp)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both

Properties: High absorbency, retention capacity, and liquid distribution.

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and is usually composed of:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Nonwoven materials

Properties: Liquid impermeability, flexibility, and sometimes breathability.

### 4. Adhesive Components

These include:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives for pad attachment
– Hot melt adhesives for layer bonding

Properties: Strong bonding without skin irritation, repositionable capability.

## Additional Components

### 1. Release Paper

Protects the adhesive before use, typically made from silicone-coated paper or plastic films.

### 2. Side Barriers

Some pads feature raised edges made from nonwoven materials to prevent side leakage.

### 3. Fragrance Components (Optional)

Microencapsulated fragrances may be added to some products for odor control.

## Material Properties and Performance Factors

The effectiveness of sanitary pads depends on several material properties:

– Absorbency rate: How quickly fluid is drawn away from the surface
– Retention capacity: Ability to hold fluid under pressure
– Wicking: Distribution of fluid throughout the pad
– Breathability: Air circulation to reduce moisture buildup
– Softness: Comfort against sensitive skin
– Hypoallergenic: Minimal risk of skin irritation

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments focus on more sustainable materials:

– Biodegradable top sheets from bamboo or other plant fibers
– Organic cotton options
– Reduced SAP content with enhanced pulp efficiency
– Compostable back sheet materials

## Conclusion

Understanding the raw material composition of sanitary pads helps consumers make informed choices based on comfort, performance, and environmental impact. Manufacturers continue to innovate with new materials that improve functionality while addressing sustainability concerns.