Sanitary Pad Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

# Sanitary Pad Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Composition

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to provide comfort and protection during menstruation. The effectiveness of these products depends on the quality and combination of various raw materials used in their production. Understanding these components helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton-like materials

This layer must be soft, breathable, and quick-drying to prevent skin irritation while allowing menstrual fluid to pass through to the absorbent core.

### 2. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the most crucial part of a sanitary pad, responsible for fluid retention. It usually consists of:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Sometimes includes cotton or rayon fibers

The combination of these materials determines the pad’s absorption capacity and retention properties.

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the waterproof layer that prevents leaks. Common materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Biodegradable alternatives like PLA (polylactic acid)

This layer must be flexible yet strong enough to prevent tearing during use.

### 4. Adhesive Layer

The adhesive keeps the pad securely in place on underwear. It typically uses:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives
– Hot melt adhesives
– Sometimes includes release paper for protection before use

## Additional Features and Materials

### Wings and Side Barriers

Many modern pads include:

– Side barriers to prevent leakage
– Wing flaps for better security
– These are usually made from the same materials as the back sheet or top sheet

### Fragrance and Additives

Some pads incorporate:

– Deodorizing agents
– Aloe vera or other skin-soothing additives
– Antimicrobial treatments

However, these additives may cause irritation for some users with sensitive skin.

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments in sanitary pad materials focus on sustainability:

– Organic cotton topsheets
– Biodegradable backsheets
– Plant-based superabsorbent materials
– Chlorine-free pulp processing

These eco-friendly alternatives aim to reduce the environmental impact of disposable menstrual products while maintaining performance standards.

## Conclusion

Understanding the raw materials in sanitary pads helps consumers choose products that meet their needs for comfort, absorption, and skin sensitivity. As technology advances, we continue to see improvements in both performance and environmental sustainability in feminine hygiene products.