Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Components

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products depend largely on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose and made from carefully selected materials.

## Core Materials in Sanitary Pad Construction

### Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton-like materials for premium products

Key properties: Softness, breathability, quick-drying capability

### Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial component responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Fluff pulp (bleached wood pulp)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both in varying ratios

Absorption capacity: Can hold 10-15 times its weight in fluid

### Back Sheet

The waterproof layer prevents leakage and is usually composed of:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films in premium products
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

Properties: Liquid-proof, flexible, and comfortable

## Additional Components

### Adhesive Layers

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives for pad attachment to underwear
– Hot melt adhesives for bonding layers together

### Release Paper

Protects the adhesive before use, typically made from:

– Silicon-coated paper
– Plastic films

## Material Properties and Performance Factors

### Absorption Characteristics

– Absorption rate: How quickly fluid is drawn away from the surface
– Retention capacity: Ability to hold fluid under pressure
– Rewet value: Measurement of surface dryness after absorption

### Comfort Factors

– Breathability index
– Flexibility and conformability
– Surface texture and softness

### Safety Considerations

– Hypoallergenic materials
– Non-toxic components
– Dermatologically tested formulations

## Environmental Considerations in Material Selection

Recent trends focus on sustainable alternatives:

– Biodegradable top sheets from bamboo or cotton
– Plant-based superabsorbent materials
– Compostable back sheets
– Reduced SAP content for easier decomposition

## Quality Standards and Testing

Manufacturers must ensure materials meet:

– ISO 9001 quality management standards
– FDA or equivalent regulatory requirements
– Dermatological safety certifications
– Absorption performance benchmarks

## Future Material Innovations

Emerging technologies include:

– Antibacterial treatments for odor control
– Phase-change materials for temperature regulation
– Smart indicators for saturation detection
– Fully biodegradable composite materials

Understanding the composition and properties of sanitary pad raw materials helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers develop better products that combine comfort, performance, and environmental responsibility.