Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

# Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

## Introduction to Sanitary Napkin Composition

Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow while providing comfort and protection. The effectiveness of these products depends on the quality and combination of various raw materials used in their production. Understanding these components helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use during menstruation.

## Core Absorbent Materials

### Fluff Pulp

The primary absorbent material in most sanitary napkins is fluff pulp, typically made from wood fibers. This highly absorbent material forms the core of the pad and can hold several times its weight in liquid. Manufacturers often blend fluff pulp with superabsorbent polymers (SAP) to enhance absorption capacity.

### Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)

These synthetic materials can absorb and retain extremely large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. SAP particles transform absorbed liquid into a gel, preventing leakage and keeping the surface drier. The amount of SAP used varies depending on the intended absorbency level of the napkin.

## Top Sheet Materials

### Nonwoven Fabric

The layer that comes in direct contact with the skin is typically made from nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene. These materials are chosen for their softness, breathability, and ability to quickly transfer liquid to the absorbent core while keeping the surface relatively dry.

### Perforated Film

Some premium sanitary napkins use micro-perforated plastic films as top sheets. These films provide excellent dryness by allowing rapid liquid penetration while preventing backflow to the skin.

## Back Sheet Components

### Polyethylene Film

The back sheet is usually made from thin polyethylene film that prevents leakage while allowing some breathability. This layer must be completely liquid-proof to protect clothing while remaining flexible for comfort.

### Breathable Membranes

Higher-end products may incorporate microporous breathable back sheets that allow vapor transmission while blocking liquid, reducing moisture buildup and improving comfort during use.

## Additional Components

### Adhesive Systems

Sanitary napkins include several types of adhesives:
• Body-facing adhesive to keep the pad in place
• Packaging adhesive for individual wrapping
• Wing adhesives for secure attachment to underwear

### Release Paper

This protective layer covers the adhesive before use and is typically made from silicone-coated paper or plastic film.

### Fragrance and Deodorant Additives

Some products incorporate odor-control substances, though these may cause irritation for sensitive skin. Many manufacturers now offer fragrance-free options.

## Environmental Considerations

Recent innovations focus on more sustainable materials:
• Organic cotton topsheets
• Biodegradable back sheets
• Plant-based SAP alternatives
• Chlorine-free fluff pulp

Consumers increasingly seek eco-friendly options that maintain performance while reducing environmental impact throughout the product lifecycle.